科學新知識-李佩珊
3月11,2018
Science Daily News 生物科技文選
郭怡立未來科學探索夢想家
1.Science Daily News文選
By 2100, damaged corals may let waves twice as tall as today’s reach coasts.
A complex coral reef full of nooks and crannies is a coastline’s best defense against large ocean waves. But coral die-offs over the next century could allow taller waves to penetrate the corals’ defenses, simulations suggest. A new study finds that at some Pacific Island sites, waves reaching the shore could be more than twice as high as today’s by 2100.
The rough, complex structures of coral reefs dissipate wave energy through friction, calming waves before they reach the shore. As corals die due to warming oceans (SN: 2/3/18, p. 16), the overall complexity of the reef also diminishes, leaving a coast potentially more exposed. At the same time, rising sea levels due to climate change increasingly threaten low-lying coastal communities with inundation and beach erosion — and stressed corals may not be able to grow vertically fast enough to match the pace of sea level rise. That could also make them a less effective barrier.
Researchers compared simulations of current and future sea level and reef conditions at four sites with differing wave energy near the French Polynesian islands of Moorea and Tahiti. The team then simulated the height of a wave after it has passed the reef, known as the back-reef wave height, under several scenarios. The most likely scenario studied was based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s projections of sea level height by 2100 and corresponding changes in reef structure.
Under those conditions, the average back-reef wave heights at the four sites would be 2.4 times as high in 2100 as today, the team reports February 28 in Science Advances. That change would be largely due to the decrease in coral reef complexity rather than rising sea levels, the simulations suggest. Coastal communities around the world will likely see similar wave height increases, dependent on local reef structures and extent of sea level rise. The finding, the researchers say, shows that conserving reefs is crucial to protecting coastal communities in a changing climate.
引註：
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/2100-damaged-corals-waves-twice-tall-todays-reach-coasts?mode=topic&context=60&tgt=nr
2.重點摘譯
充滿角落和裂縫的複雜珊瑚礁是海岸線抵禦大浪的最佳防禦方式。模擬結果表明，珊瑚在下個世紀的死亡可能會讓更高的海浪穿透珊瑚的防禦。
珊瑚礁粗糙複雜的結構通過摩擦消散波浪能，在波浪到達岸邊之前消除波浪。珊瑚因海洋變暖而死亡，珊瑚礁的總體複雜程度也隨之下降，從而使海岸更加暴露。同時，氣候變化引起的海平面上升日益威脅著低窪沿海社區的洪水氾濫和海灘侵蝕 - 並且強調珊瑚可能無法垂直增長，以至不能適應海平面上升的步伐。可能使他們不那麼有效的障礙。
研究人員比較了四個不同波浪能量場址的現有和未來海平面和珊瑚礁條件的模擬結果。團隊模擬一個波浪在經過珊瑚礁後的高度，研究對2100年海平面高度的預測以及珊瑚礁結構的相應變化。
模擬結果：四個地點的平均後礁高度將是今天2100年的2.4倍。這種變化將主要歸因於珊瑚礁複雜性的下降，而不是海平面上升。世界各地的沿海可能會看到海浪高度增加，這取決於當地的珊瑚礁結構和海平面上升的程度。這一發現表明，在不斷變化的氣候中保護珊瑚礁對保護沿海社區至關重要。
3.延伸學習
1. 珊瑚之名來自古波斯語sanga，是珊瑚蟲及其骨骼的通稱。珊瑚蟲為刺絲胞動物門珊瑚綱，身體呈圓筒狀，有八個或八個以上的觸手，觸手中央有口。多群居，結合成一個群體，形狀像樹枝，不少人因而以為是植物。雖然珊瑚無法移動，但由於牠們能夠伸出觸手來捕食。亞里士多德最初稱這種生物為「zoophyta」，意思是介乎動物與植物之間的生物。一直到十八世紀牠們才被正式併入動物界。之所以會有珊瑚枝，是因為珊瑚蟲底部所生長的骨骼，也可以叫珊瑚石或簡稱珊瑚。因為多孔性和枝狀生長，還能給許多微生物和魚類居住，又被稱為活石，主要產在熱帶海中。
2.
珊瑚礁（英語：Coral reef）是石珊瑚目的動物形成的一種結構。這個結構可以大到影響其周圍環境的物理和生態條件。在深海和淺海中均有珊瑚礁存在。它們是成千上萬的由碳酸鈣組成的珊瑚蟲的骨骼在數百年至數萬年的生長過程中形成的。珊瑚礁為許多動植物提供了生活環境，估計占海洋物種數的25%。此外，珊瑚礁還是大洋帶的魚類的幼魚生長地。
4.心得關鍵句
“If people want to protect the coral reefs, they must start with protecting the earth. The disaster we cause must be saved by us!”
如果人們想保護珊瑚礁，他們必須從保護地球開始。 我們造成的災難必須由我們拯救！
Science Daily News 生物科技文選
郭怡立未來科學探索夢想家
1.Science Daily News文選
By 2100, damaged corals may let waves twice as tall as today’s reach coasts.
A complex coral reef full of nooks and crannies is a coastline’s best defense against large ocean waves. But coral die-offs over the next century could allow taller waves to penetrate the corals’ defenses, simulations suggest. A new study finds that at some Pacific Island sites, waves reaching the shore could be more than twice as high as today’s by 2100.
The rough, complex structures of coral reefs dissipate wave energy through friction, calming waves before they reach the shore. As corals die due to warming oceans (SN: 2/3/18, p. 16), the overall complexity of the reef also diminishes, leaving a coast potentially more exposed. At the same time, rising sea levels due to climate change increasingly threaten low-lying coastal communities with inundation and beach erosion — and stressed corals may not be able to grow vertically fast enough to match the pace of sea level rise. That could also make them a less effective barrier.
Researchers compared simulations of current and future sea level and reef conditions at four sites with differing wave energy near the French Polynesian islands of Moorea and Tahiti. The team then simulated the height of a wave after it has passed the reef, known as the back-reef wave height, under several scenarios. The most likely scenario studied was based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s projections of sea level height by 2100 and corresponding changes in reef structure.
Under those conditions, the average back-reef wave heights at the four sites would be 2.4 times as high in 2100 as today, the team reports February 28 in Science Advances. That change would be largely due to the decrease in coral reef complexity rather than rising sea levels, the simulations suggest. Coastal communities around the world will likely see similar wave height increases, dependent on local reef structures and extent of sea level rise. The finding, the researchers say, shows that conserving reefs is crucial to protecting coastal communities in a changing climate.
引註：
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/2100-damaged-corals-waves-twice-tall-todays-reach-coasts?mode=topic&context=60&tgt=nr
2.重點摘譯
充滿角落和裂縫的複雜珊瑚礁是海岸線抵禦大浪的最佳防禦方式。模擬結果表明，珊瑚在下個世紀的死亡可能會讓更高的海浪穿透珊瑚的防禦。
研究人員比較了四個不同波浪能量場址的現有和未來海平面和珊瑚礁條件的模擬結果。團隊模擬一個波浪在經過珊瑚礁後的高度，研究對2100年海平面高度的預測以及珊瑚礁結構的相應變化。
模擬結果：四個地點的平均後礁高度將是今天2100年的2.4倍。這種變化將主要歸因於珊瑚礁複雜性的下降，而不是海平面上升。世界各地的沿海可能會看到海浪高度增加，這取決於當地的珊瑚礁結構和海平面上升的程度。這一發現表明，在不斷變化的氣候中保護珊瑚礁對保護沿海社區至關重要。
3.延伸學習
1. 珊瑚之名來自古波斯語sanga，是珊瑚蟲及其骨骼的通稱。珊瑚蟲為刺絲胞動物門珊瑚綱，身體呈圓筒狀，有八個或八個以上的觸手，觸手中央有口。多群居，結合成一個群體，形狀像樹枝，不少人因而以為是植物。雖然珊瑚無法移動，但由於牠們能夠伸出觸手來捕食。亞里士多德最初稱這種生物為「zoophyta」，意思是介乎動物與植物之間的生物。一直到十八世紀牠們才被正式併入動物界。之所以會有珊瑚枝，是因為珊瑚蟲底部所生長的骨骼，也可以叫珊瑚石或簡稱珊瑚。因為多孔性和枝狀生長，還能給許多微生物和魚類居住，又被稱為活石，主要產在熱帶海中。
2.
珊瑚礁（英語：Coral reef）是石珊瑚目的動物形成的一種結構。這個結構可以大到影響其周圍環境的物理和生態條件。在深海和淺海中均有珊瑚礁存在。它們是成千上萬的由碳酸鈣組成的珊瑚蟲的骨骼在數百年至數萬年的生長過程中形成的。珊瑚礁為許多動植物提供了生活環境，估計占海洋物種數的25%。此外，珊瑚礁還是大洋帶的魚類的幼魚生長地。
4.心得關鍵句
“If people want to protect the coral reefs, they must start with protecting the earth. The disaster we cause must be saved by us!”
如果人們想保護珊瑚礁，他們必須從保護地球開始。 我們造成的災難必須由我們拯救！
原來如此呀 我們真的應該好好愛護珊瑚礁這美麗的自然生態 真是獲益良多呢❤️
回覆刪除我們真的要好好愛護我們的生態環境，也要好好的愛護地球！
回覆刪除真的要好好珍惜地區 不能再讓珊瑚減少了啊
回覆刪除看了文章才發現珊瑚礁也會影響海平面上升，我們真的該想辦法保護海洋環境，保護地球🌍
回覆刪除看完之後才知道原來珊瑚礁對全球氣候變遷這麼有關聯以及珊瑚礁跟海浪高度的變化有關係！
回覆刪除為了擁有更美麗的地球，是該好好做好環保。
回覆刪除